Windows 7 vs. Windows 8 Free Essays

Point: Contrasting contrasts, similarity and assessment of two PC working frameworks, Windows 7 and Windows 8. The arrival of Windows 8 has partitioned the online network in two opposing gatherings. A few clients seem to appreciate the new highlights and execution of the most up to date Windows working framework, while others suggest picking its generally welcomed antecedent Windows 7 (Mikoluk, 2013). We will compose a custom exposition test on Windows 7 versus Windows 8 or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now The motivation behind this article is to inspect a portion of the essential qualities of these working frameworks. These involve: UI, basic implicit programming parts, framework prerequisites lastly, execution of two frameworks dependent on different PC test results. This paper has been sorted out in the accompanying manner, right off the bat it takes a gander at crucial attributes of working framework UI, it proceeds by examining fundamental inherent programming segments, at that point continues by featuring framework prerequisites lastly, it will plot the exhibition of two frameworks dependent on different PC test results. UI is an external layer and one of the key segments of the working ystem, which can be portrayed and depicted by various angles, for example, structure methodology, start menu format and contact screen usefulness. Windows 7 keeps fundamental standards of regular Windows interface expanding on â€Å"Aero† visual style highlights, for example, inconspicuous livelinesss and translucent glass windows empowering a wide scope of work area personalisation prospects (Bott et al. 2011). Consolidation of the Metro plan language for Windows 8 presents a totally new tile-based structure technique, which is fundamentally not the same as customary Windows portrayal ocusing on just what is required † lessening to the pith and commending content. ‘ (Clayton, 2013). Windows 7 beginning menu keeps the comfortable two-section format with the Start button situated in the left corner of the taskbar (Coward and Knittel, 2010). While in Windows 8, the beginning menu is supplanted with a Start screen, where notable work area symbols have been subbed with huge tiles and â€Å"Live† tiles showing ongoing data and is feeling the loss of the Start button (Boyce and Tidrow, 2013). Moving to contact screen qualities, Windows 7 programming works with imited measure of touch signals and its objectives initially intended for a smaller than usual bolt cursor are excessively little (Pogue, 2013). Interestingly, Windows 8 is worked with center around contact input, including all the most recent touch screen innovation developments and presenting an extended number of accessible signals just as a touch-accommodating interface with enormous targets (Cirque, 2012). also, security applications. Web Explorer 8 comes as a preinstalled trait of Windows 7 solely for US clients highlighting the recognizable â€Å"Aero† visual style UI with add-on program augmentations just as incorporated Web Search box and abbed perusing (Stanek, 2010). Windows 8, then again, accompanies most recent Internet Explorer 10 program advancing the moderate Metro UI, moving ceaselessly from additional items; depending nearby engineers to enhance the perusing experience for clients by empowering highlight recognition innovation (Boyce and Tidrow, 2013). Web Explorer 10 Start screen incorporates web search box joined with address bar and furthermore offers performing various tasks with tabs (Microsoft, 2013). Moving to Security Management, Windows 7 highlights remember worked for Firewall organize security framework and Windows Defender spyware assurance; anyway for the better safeguard it s prudent to also introduce Microsoft Security Essentials antivirus programming (Bott et al. , 2011). In Windows 8, security is additionally kept up by Firewall and broadened confguration of Windows Defender, which replaces Microsoft Security Essentials (Microsoft, 2013). While thinking about similitudes, both working frameworks have indistinguishable negligible equipment necessities, which empower the two to run on wide scope of machines (Microsoft, 2013). At he Microsoft Worldwide gathering 2011 in California Tami Reller underlined: In both of our Windows 8 sneak peaks, we discussed proceeding on ith the significant pattern that we began with Windows 7, keeping framework prerequisites either level or diminishing them after some time. Windows 7 and Windows 8 programming is good with PCs comprising of: at the very least 1 gigahertz processor or quicker, in any event 1 gigabyte of free RAM for 32-piece renditions or least 2 gigabytes for 64-piece forms, a free hard plate space of 16 gigabytes for 32-piece frameworks or 20 gigabytes for 64-piece frameworks just as Microsoft DirectX9 designs card with WDDM driver (Egan, 2012). Going to the measures of execution, there are noteworthy contrasts in the timings cap working frameworks require for fundamental tasks, for example, booting up, closing down, awakening from rest mode and 3D illustrations usage. As expressed by Walton (2012), Windows 8 keeps on developing the viability of Windows 7, which has demonstrated to be a quick and profitable working framework, by indicating various enhancements contrasted with its forerunner. Muchmore’s test results (2012) uncovered that the booting time for Windows 8 is altogether decreased by very nearly a half contrasted with Windows 7; 17 and 38 seconds correspondingly. He additionally revealed that he shut personal time demonstrated comparative upgrades; the most recent adaptation of Windows took 10 seconds, while the more established working framework was 2 seconds more slow. As indicated by Muhammad (2013), Windows 8 is additionally quicker awakening from rest mode with just 10 seconds required for this activity which is 3 seconds in front of Windows 7. Be that as it may, Windows 7 3D realistic execution was modestly quicker, albeit both working frameworks demonstrated fundamentally the same as results (Walton, 2012). contrasts in both working frameworks. Initially, the most evident distinction is that Windows 7 speaks to conventional Windows interface, while the latest working ystem advances imaginative Metro plan procedure with huge tiles rather than recognizable symbols. The most effective method to refer to Windows 7 versus Windows 8, Papers

My Goal In Life free essay sample

My whole life I have for a long while been itching to turn into a fruitful Mechanical specialist, and graduate from the University of Florida State. One of my objectives in life are to go to the University of Florida State. Another of my objectives is to turn out to be some kind of designer. Yet, at this moment I might want to be a Mechanical architect. To be straightforward I truly don’t recognize what made me to need to turn into a specialist. In any case, something about designing consistently interested me for reasons unknown. Be that as it may, of late my science instructor has positively affected me and is truly making me like building. So I surmise that Mrs. Butterfield has affected me into being an architect. My arrangement b is to be an architect as well. In any case, this kind of designing would simply be anything. To be straightforward I truly don’t read a specific distributions about building however I never truly need to. We will compose a custom paper test on My Goal In Life or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Additionally I truly don’t know where I could get a distributions or articles about designing. The extracurricular exercises that I take an interest in are football and b-ball. To be straightforward I don't accomplish any humanitarian effort yet I do plan to get a few hours before I graduate, at the rec focus over the tracks. I think chipping in is useful for engineers since that will assist them with growing great relationship building abilities. So at long last I believe that chipping in will help me as a future architect with those relationship building abilities. Starting at right now I have exclusive standards for building. I feel that building will be an incredible field for me and I will have an extraordinary profession. Yet, I feel that on occasion will be extremely hard andchallenging yet I accept that at long last it will be all justified, despite all the trouble, on account of the cash I’m going to get, and how I will be glad to go to work.

Riot Recommendation Food Writing

Riot Recommendation Food Writing On the short list of Things I Love As Much as I Love Books, food takes one of the top spots. I love to cook. I love to eat. I love to eat with the people I love and talk about what were eating, then go home and talk about what we ate and what were going to eat next. The kitchen has been the center of every one of my homes. I love food. It would seem obvious, then, to combine my love of books with my love of foodand it is. But it took me nearly 30 years to realize it. Sometimes Im slow at these things. On a totally-planned-around-food trip to Charleston, SC back in January (boy, do they know from hush puppies!), a copy of Ruth Reichls Tender at the Bone called to me from the shelves of a cozy used bookstore. I couldnt resist, and Im so happy that I didnt try to. Virtually every moment that I didnt spend eating, sleeping, or walking from A Place Where You Eat to The Place Where You Sleep, I spent curled up with this book. Reichl made me understand, in a way I had never considered before (see above re: sometimes Im slow at things), that while I use books to make sense of the worldthey are the lens through which I view and interpret lifeother people use food. (And, Im sure, others still use music, or dance, or painting, or underwater basket weaving.) Food as something more than nourishment, entertainment, a reason to gather with loved ones. Amazing! Something clicked with that reading, and in the months since, Ive read Reichls second memoir,  Comfort Me with Apples, Anthony Bourdains first, Kitchen Confidential, and a handful of food memoir-ish magazine articles. And Imwait for ithungry for more. So, what should I add to my foodie TBR list? What are your favorite food memoirs, essay collections, and contemplations of the eating life? Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles.

Scenes from Paradise - Jewish Roman Mosaics from Tunisia

Character Analysis of Shylock from The Merchant of Venice

William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice is a classic play that has also brought about some issues revolving around the antagonist of the story Shylock. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the character of Shylock in the play and also introduce the uses of that name throughout history down to the present day. Shylock in Shakespeares work is a money lending Jew who pursues money with strong vigor and attachment. Shylock is also portrayed as literally bloodthirsty as he demands punishment of mutilation as retribution for delinquency. Shylock is not portrayed very well in this story as he is duped in the end and eventually his owed debt is erased by the court as he exits in shame and defeat. Understanding the character of Shylock requires some knowledge about the history of money lending and the term usury. Usury is the practice of charging interest when lending money. This practice was usually despised throughout history beginning with Jesus throwing his fit in the temple in protest of this practice. The morality of practicing usury is certainly debatable, but what is not in dispute, is the tendency for people of Jewish heritage to become involved in this practice. Shakespeares Shylock was indeed based on truth, Jews have a history of dominating the banking and financial sectors of society. This trend certainly continues today. Many Jewish individuals are at the top of the ladder in the leading financial firms of today. Companies such as Goldman Sachs, JPShow MoreRelatedThe Merchant of Venice939 Words   |  4 PagesContrast of Shylock and Claudius Introduction This essay looks into the lives of Shylock and Antonio. These are two of Shakespearean antagonists of all time. They are alike in more ways than one. Shylock in Merchant of Venice is a Jewish moneylender based in Venice. He has been tormented and repressed mainly by the Christian population. One finds it easy to sympathize with him mainly because he has his own reasons to be loathing, greedy, and miserly. This ends up making the entire ‘Merchant of Venice’Read MoreRacism And Prejudice By William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesreligion and what they believe in, however there is racism and prejudice present in the world. William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is one of his most controversial plays. Written in the 16th century England, the play poses many questions concerning racial, religious and human differences due to anti-semitism being very common at the time. The story is set in Venice where a merchant named Antonio lived. His poor friend Bassanio wants to charm and marry a lovely, rich girl of Belmont called PortiaRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice2059 Words   |  9 Pagesin The Merchant of Venice resembles a folktale known as â€Å"A Pound of Flesh† (325). Artese supports his supposition with background context and parallels between the two story lines. Literary versions of the pound of flesh story circulated during the sixteenth century and were collected since the nineteenth century because of the plot’s longevity and populairity Shakespeare would have been familiar with pound of flesh stories (326). Human commodification is a central issue in both The Merchant of VeniceRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice989 Words   |  4 PagesThe Play Analysis of The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice is one of Shakespeare Comedy’s published in the First Folio. (McDonald 212) This analysis will review the written work of the play and the production from the Sweet Tea Shakespeare Theater Group. An overview on a few on the main stories within the play: the animosity in the relationship between Antonio the merchant and Shylock the Jewish moneylender, the courtship of Bassanio and Portia, and the secret eloping of Jessica and LorenzoRead MoreMerchant of Venice - Plot Structure1714 Words   |  7 Pagesof ‘The Merchant of Venice is apparently fanciful but in reality exactingly structured./b/center br brThe Merchant of Venice is a fairy tale. There is no more reality in Shylocks bond and the Lord of Belmonts will than in Jack and the Beanstalk. brH. Granville-Barker, in Prefaces to Shakespeare. br brThis is one way of looking at the play, reading it or enjoying the performance. But it can be a contradiction to our actual feelings about this complex play. ‘The Merchant of VeniceRead More Shakespeares Presentation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice831 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeares Presentation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice This essay is an analysis of how the character of Shylock, in the play The Merchant of Venice, is presented to the audience, by Shakespeare, in different ways. The riveting play shows the best and worst aspects of human nature and contains one of Shakespeares most reviled, complex and compelling characters. Love and romance end this play, yet before that come bigotry, racism, hatred, death threats andRead MoreMerchant Of Venice Essay Outline956 Words   |  4 Pages The Merchant of Venice Essay Outline Introduction: Hook: The theme is the main subject or message of a story. It is used to give depth and enhance the plot. The themes of The Merchant of Venice are used throughout the story of the play to make the plot move along and to encourage the characters into action. Bridge: When you read The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare there are many themes throughout the play and many lessons to be learned. Main Ideas: The most important themes are hatredRead MoreIs Shylock The Villain Or Victim In The Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare1411 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter Analysis Shylock Is Shylock the villain or the victim in the Merchant of Venice? In the play the ‘Merchant of Venice’ by William Shakespeare the antagonist Shylock is both the victim and the villain. Shylock is a Jewish moneylender and is initially portrayed as anger filled and bloodthirsty but as the play continues we begin to see him as more human and his emotions become more evident. As the antagonist, Shylock is a fearful adversary to Antonio, the protagonist. But as good begins toRead MoreAnalysis of The Merchant of Venice Essay513 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of The Merchant of Venice William Shakespeares play The Merchant of Venice is based on a simple enough plot, but it gives a more complex view of the characters involved. It portrays each characters attitude, opinions and actions and shows how they affect the other characters. ====================================================================== Shylock is perhaps the most noteworthy character. He is centred on most of the plays events. Throughout theRead MoreLiterary Criticism Of William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice 850 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyze all other disciplines associated with the play in question. Some have also criticized Shakespeare as being a master of only one single genre of drama as in relation to other plays. Feminist criticism Feminist approach applied to the Merchant of Venice is relatively a new area of study. The fundamental idea is that the western world is entirely patriarchal (created, ruled, and viewed through the eyes of men) (Janik 170). During the 1960s, the movement began to form a new approach of criticizing

Mughal Emperor Akbar Free Essays

Muhammad Akbar was born at Aurangabad in the Deccan to Dilras Banu Begum, Aurangzeb’s first wife and chief consort. She was a member of the Safavid dynasty and was the daughter of Mirza Shahnawaz Khan, a minister at the mughal court. She died when Akbar was only one month old. We will write a custom essay sample on Mughal Emperor Akbar or any similar topic only for you Order Now For this reason, Akbar was brought up with special care and affection by his father. He was his father’s favourite and most-loved son as Aurangzeb, himself, said in a letter to him, â€Å"God be my witness that I have loved you more than my other sons. † At the age of 15, Akbar was wed to a granddaughter of his paternal uncle, Dara Shikoh, who had been killed at Aurangzeb’s behest. Salima begum was the daughter of Sulaiman Shikoh, eldest son of Dara Shikoh. Later, Akbar also married a daughter of an Assamese nobleman. He was the father of two sons and two daughters, including Nikusiyar, who briefly became mughal emperor in 1719. Like other Mughal princes, Muhammad Akbar administered various provinces and fought minor campaigns under the guidance of experienced officers. His first independent command was during Aurangzeb’s war of the Jodhpur succession. The Rajput War[edit] Jaswant Singh, who was Maharaja of Jodhpur, was also a high-ranking Mughal officer. He died at his post on the Khyber Pass on 10 December 1678. He died without leaving male issue, but two of his wives were pregnant at the time of his death. The succession was thus unclear. When the news of the death reached Aurangzeb, he immediately dispatched a large army (9 January 1679) to occupy the state of Jodhpur. One of the division of this army was commanded by Akbar. Aurangzeb occupied Jodhpur ostensibly to secure the succession for any male infant born to Jaswant’s pregnant widows. He declared that such rightful heir would be invested with his patrimony upon coming of age. However, relations between Jaswant and Aurangzeb had not been very happy, and it was feared that Aurangzeb, a notorious bigot, would annex the state for good on this pretext. Indeed, incumbent officers in Jodhpur state were replaced by mughal officers. Many temples in Jodhpur were broken and the idols were carried to Delhi, where they were placed at the entrance of the Jama Masjid so that they could be trampled underfoot and defiled by the Muslims. After thus effectively annexing the largest Hindu state in northern India, Aurangzeb reimposed the jaziya tax on the non-Muslim population (2 April 1679), almost a century after it had been abolished by his tolerant ancestor Akbar I. All this made the emperor extremely unpopular among the Rajputs. One of Jaswant’s pregnant wives was duly delivered of a son, who was named Ajit Singh. Officers loyal to Jaswant brought his family back to Jodhpur and rallied the clan to the standards of the infant. The Rajputs of Jodhpur (Rathore clan) forged an alliance with the neighboring Rajput state of Mewar (Sisodia clan). Maharana Raj Singh of Mewar withdrew his army to the western portion of his kingdom, marked by the rugged Aravalli hills and secured by numerous hill-forts. From this position, the smaller but faster Rajput cavalry units could surprise the Mughal outposts in the plains, loot their supply trains, and bypass their camps to ravage neighbouring Mughal provinces. In the second half of 1680, after several months of such setbacks, Aurangzeb decided on an all-out offensive. Nicolao Manucci, an Italian gunner in the Mughal army, says: â€Å"for this campaign, Aurangzeb put in pledge the whole of his kingdom. Three separate armies, under Aurangzeb’s sons Akbar, Azam and Muazzam, penetrated the Aravalli hills from different directions. However, their artillery lost its effectiveness while being dragged around the rugged hills and both Azam and Muazzam were defeated by the Rajputs and beaten back. Akbar’s rebellion[edit] Akbar and his general Tahawwur Khan had been instructed to t ry to bribe the Rajput nobles to the Mughal side, but in these attempts, they themselves were ensnared by the Rajputs. The Rajputs incited Akbar to rebel against his father and offered all support. They pointed out to him that Aurangzeb’s attempt to annex the Rajput states was disturbing the stability of India. They also reminded him that the open bigotry displayed by Aurangzeb in reimposing jaziya and demolishing temples was contrary to the wise policies of his ancestors. Prince Akbar lent a willing ear to the Rajputs and promised to restore the policies of the illustrious Akbar. On 1 January 1681, Akbar declared himself Emperor, issued a manifesto deposing his father, and marched towards Ajmer to fight him. As the commander of a Mughal division, Akbar had a force of 12,000 cavalry with supporting infantry and artillery. To this, the Maharana of Mewar added 6,000 Rajput cavalry, being half his own army. As this combined army crossed Jodhpur state, numerous war-bands of Rathores joined up and increased its strength to 25,000 cavalry. Meanwhile, various Mughal divisions deployed around the Aravalli hills had been racing to come to Aurangzeb’s aid. Aurangzeb however resorted to threats and treachery: he sent a letter to Tahawwur Khan promising to pardon him but also threatening to have his family publicly dishonored by camp ruffians if he refused to submit. The Mughal noble secretly came over to meet his master but was killed in a scuffle at the entrance to Aurangzeb’s tent. The crafty Mughal Emperor then wrote a false letter to Akbar and arranged it such that the letter was intercepted by the Rajputs. In this letter, Aurangzeb congratulated his son for finally bringing the Rajput guerillas out in the open where they could be crushed by father and son together. The Rajput commanders suspected this letter to be false but took it to Akbar’s camp for an explanation. Here they discovered that Tahawwur Khan had disappeared. Suspecting the worst, the Rajputs departed in the middle of the night. The next morning, Akbar woke to find his chief adviser and his allies gone and his own soldiers deserting by the hour to Aurangzeb. The would-be emperor escaped the prospect of war with his father by hastily departing the camp with a few close followers. He caught up with the Rajputs commanders and mutual explanations followed. Aftermath[edit] Seeing that Akbar had attempted no treachery and that he could be useful, the Rathore leader Durgadas took Akbar to the court of the Maratha king Sambhaji, seeking support for the project of placing him on the throne of Delhi. For fully five years, Akbar stayed with Sambhaji, hoping that the latter would lend him men and money to strike and seize the Mughal throne for himself. But at that time, Sambhaji was engaged in uncovering the conspiracy against him. After which, he was engrossed in wars against Siddhis of Janjira, Chikka Dev Rai of Mysore, Portuguese of Goa and Aurangzeb. In September 1686, Sambhaji sent Akbar to Persia. In Persia, Akbar was said to pray daily for the speedy death of his father, which alone would give him another chance to wrest the Mughal throne for himself. On hearing of this, Aurangzeb is said to have remarked, â€Å"Let us see who dies first. He or I! † As it turned out, Akbar died in 1704, three years before his father’s demise. He died at the town of Mashhad in Persia. Two of Akbar’s children were brought up by the Rajputs, until as a result of peace negotiations, they were handed over to the old emperor. Akbar’s daughter Safiyat-un-nissa was sent to her grandfather in 1696 and his son Buland Akhtar was returned in 1698. The latter, when presented in court, shocked his grandfather and nobles by speaking fluently in the Rajasthani language. Legacy[edit] In the words of Jadunath Sarkar: â€Å"The rebellion of Prince Akbar, though it was fostered by the Rajputs and originated, grew to fullness, and expired in Northern India, changed the history of the Deccan and hastened the fate of the Mughal Empire as well. His flight to Shambhuji raised a danger to the throne of Delhi which could be met only by Aurangzib’s personal appearance in the south. But for this alliance, the Emperor would have left Bijapur and Golconda to be occasionally threatened and fleeced by his generals, while the Maratha king would have been tolerated as a necessary evil and even as a thorn in the side of Bijapur. But Akbar’s flight to the Deccan forced a complete change on the imperial policy in that quarter. The first task of Aurangzeb now was to crush the power of Shambhuji and render Akbar impotent for mischief. For this he patched up a peace with the Maharana (June 1681) and left for the Deccan to direct the operations of his army. † Notes[edit] ^ According to Tarikh-i-Muhammadi, his death of death is 31 March 1706 (Irvine, William (1922) Later Mughals, Volume I, Jadunath Sarkar ed. , Calcutta: M. C. Sarkar Sons, p. 1) ^ Sir Jadunath Sarkar (1919). Studies in Mughal India. W. Heffer and Sons. How to cite Mughal Emperor Akbar, Papers

Elian Gonzalez Essay Research Paper On November free essay sample

Elian Gonzalez Essay, Research Paper On November 25th, 1999, Elian Gonzalez was found cleaving to an inner tubing three stat mis off the seashore of Ft. Lauderdale after a boat transporting his female parent, stepfather and 11 others seemingly sank on its manner to the United States. He had been drifting in the interior tubing for two yearss and darks, and after being admitted to a infirmary he had been found to be in unusually good form sing he was without nutrient and H2O. But the worst was yet to come for Elian Gonzalez. Almost instantly after his release from the infirmary, Juan Miguel Gonzalez, the male child? s male parent, claims that Elian? s female parent kidnapped the male child, and he wants Elian returned to Cuba. The Cuban authorities chose to endorse up Elian? s male parent in the demand, and that is when the inquiry arose. What would the hereafter clasp in shop for Elian Gonzalez? Would he be returned to a life with his male parent in Cuba or would he be kept under better life conditions in the United Sta tes of America? Before you go and make up your head on this issue, I? d like you to see a few things. We will write a custom essay sample on Elian Gonzalez Essay Research Paper On November or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The INS ruled that in the name of # 8220 ; household reunion # 8221 ; Elian must return to Cuba, and many people agreed with the thought. But would such a determination be tolerated if it involved, say, a Judaic male child who had come to the United States from Nazi Germany during the 1930s? Would he hold been sent back if the male parent # 8211 ; with a gun to his dorsum # 8211 ; declared his desire to hold his kid returned to slavery or to a concentration cantonment? Would everyone reason that the kid # 8217 ; s best involvements are served by # 8220 ; household reunion # 8221 ; ? Surely non. Why, so, is Elian # 8217 ; s state of affairs any different? Life in totalitarian Cuba, after all, is fundamentally life in bondage. I think that it is best put in the words of Mr. Jacoby, editorialist of the Boston Globe. ? Send Elian back and he will be allowed to populate with his male parent until he is eleven ; thereafter he will be sent to work in a farm-labor cantonment for 45 t o 60 yearss per twelvemonth. Send Elian back and he will confront mandatory military service until he is 27. Send Elian back and he will be indoctrinated in the glorifications of # 8220 ; the revolution # 8221 ; and taught to see any Cubans who reject Castroism? including his dead female parent? as counterrevolu tionaries and treasonists. Send Elian back and he will be allowed to go to college merely if his â€Å"political attitude and societal conduct† ? to cite the relevant Cuban jurisprudence? satisfy the government in Havana. ? Elian was brought to America by his female parent and stepfather, both of whom died during the unsafe crossing from Cuba. The really fact that people will put on the line such a crossing should clearly demo the consequences of Fidel Castro? s communist absolutism. In a absolutism, the person is regarded as holding no rights ; his individual and belongings may be disposed of by the province whenever the province sees it necessary. A individual has no right to take his ain calling, to run his ain concern, to believe independently, to try to alter the political government under which he lives, or even to go forth for a different, freer state. What parent would desire their kid to populate in this sort of environment? I think that we all know that if Elian is sent back to Cuba, his male parent will be the lone one to take attention of him, and by the sound of it Elian? s male parent won? T be able to give Elian the sort of life Elian deserves. If Elian is to remain with all his relations in the United States, his success won? T be guaranteed but he will hold a much better opportunity at it. Congressional Republicans have agreed to manus over Elian supplying his male parent, Juan Miguel Gonzalez, agrees to come to the United States to pick him up. It is true that the male parent? s ain wants can non be ascertained while he is still in Cuba and therefore non free to talk since the fact remains that every bit long as he is in Cuba, what Castro tells him to state goes. Many think that this would be the best reply. If the male parent were to come to the United States of America to claim his boy, so the most likely result would be the male parent would stop up remaining along with Elian in the United States. In the terminal, I think that the reply to this job is rather obvious. Look at it this manner: the legal criterion in these instances is the? best involvements? of the kid. We? re left with lone one inquiry: would it be in Elian Gonzalez? s best involvements to remain in a life of freedom with his relations or would he be better off in communist Cuba populating a life of bondage under the regulation of Castro?

Sports Coaching free essay sample

Techniques: observation analysis, performance profiling, fitness assessment, goal setting, simulation, modeling, effective demonstration, technical instruction, developing performer coaching diaries, adapting practices to meet individual needs, designing effective practice sessions Observation Analysis The technique observation analysis is used by David Moyes for his performances that have recently happened for example when Man United lost 4-1 to their rivals Man City. For Moyes to do his observation he will need to get the video of the erformances of the individuals, by showing there negative parts of the game which he would be furious with because players were not first to the ball or tracking back for an overlap from a opposite player. He would shout at his players in a room and tell them that they shouldnt be playing like how they have at this level of football. By observing the game he would have a certain checklist and tick whatever is achieved and whatever isnt then he would tell them what to do at a half time team talk or when the next training session is. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Coaching or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The manager would be going through his players nd tell them what he has observed from their performance and will tell them how to not repeat the same mistake that they have done. The manager would also look at the attitudes of the players and show them their reactions to a goal or a missing a header and not wanting to go and win the header next time, so the manager would have to tell them not to give up and to do a certain training session for their weakness this is also part of analysis because it is looking back at a performance and telling the player how to improve it. Having the right attitude for the game is a ositive because the manager would want you to carry on your attitude towards the game for as long as possible. Goal Setting The technique goal setting is used by Lance Brauman who is the coach of Tyson Gay. He would be setting his trainee Tyson a goal to achieve when he is sprinting. When he would be running in the 100m sprint heats he would want Tyson to come first so that he can achieve his target and then get a confidence boost, this would make him individually more confident with the race and wants him to achieve more than his goal. When using the technique he would want to achieve more so he would try elievable and wants to get more than he physically wants. Lance would have to mentally prepare Tyson because he would want him to believe in himself to win what he wants. By doing this it will make Tyson more prepared and he will have to give him a certain type of training that will make him more physical and prepared for the next race. The physical benefits of this are that you are training for a race and that you are wanting to win, no matter what the situation is and whos participating, he only wants to know that there is one winner and that will be him. The benefit of being physically prepared is that it wants you to strive for what you want to do the most. It is also linked with being mentally prepared because of Lance; how he tells Tyson what to do in certain areas and then that will make him strived for more than his targets. Effective Demonstration An effective demonstration is used by Andy Flower to his cricket team which is England. This is because he would have to show the players how to play a certain shot; for example if he wanted to show you to play a lofted shot into space then he ill do a demonstration like the picture on the right, for this you would have to use certain techniques and have your back leant forward a bit, onto one knee and then have the correct timing of the ball. This is because he has shown an effective demonstration and his players would be doing the type of shot when its necessary. When the players try to do the shot he will point out whats necessary and tell them one on one and to help with their improvements in the game. For them to take an a advice form the coach is important because they will need to use it effectively in a gaming situation.

Free Essays on China U.s Relations

The main focus of this paper is to analyze the Sino-American relationship and the factors both past and present that make it a complicated and very important issue, as well as future expectations for the development of continued relations. American contact with China in the past has been less than positive and China is a country that values respect and honesty in its value system. China and the USA do not share the same view of the world. There has been much misunderstanding and even underhanded policy when it came to the USA, especially with the changing of our presidents. Clinton was a strong supporter of having Asia involved in the future of America. He urged that China become a part of the World Trade Organization to make the relationship that of a partnership. He had been quoted as referring to China as a strategic partner while Bush described China as a strategic competitor. (Tyler p1) Imagine the shock of China to be turned from favored friend to possible enemy within the period of less than a year. In my opinion this is a relationship that both sides can mutually benefit from however up until this point it has been clouded by great egos and failed policies. This is an extremely important issue to discuss because China is one of the largest nations in terms of billions of people, as well as an upcoming superpower. In the future China will become stronger in terms of production and business, and the USA would be wise not to cause permanent damage by ignoring treaties and past foreign policy. America must remember they cannot change the rules of the game in the middle of playing! America is a democratic nation that values human rights, and in that platform fights a moral war naturally which would put the USA at odds with China on more than one issue. My personal expectations for the future of China and America’s diplomatic relationship is that it will continue to deteriorate if the USA does not find a better way to d... Free Essays on China U.s Relations Free Essays on China U.s Relations The main focus of this paper is to analyze the Sino-American relationship and the factors both past and present that make it a complicated and very important issue, as well as future expectations for the development of continued relations. American contact with China in the past has been less than positive and China is a country that values respect and honesty in its value system. China and the USA do not share the same view of the world. There has been much misunderstanding and even underhanded policy when it came to the USA, especially with the changing of our presidents. Clinton was a strong supporter of having Asia involved in the future of America. He urged that China become a part of the World Trade Organization to make the relationship that of a partnership. He had been quoted as referring to China as a strategic partner while Bush described China as a strategic competitor. (Tyler p1) Imagine the shock of China to be turned from favored friend to possible enemy within the period of less than a year. In my opinion this is a relationship that both sides can mutually benefit from however up until this point it has been clouded by great egos and failed policies. This is an extremely important issue to discuss because China is one of the largest nations in terms of billions of people, as well as an upcoming superpower. In the future China will become stronger in terms of production and business, and the USA would be wise not to cause permanent damage by ignoring treaties and past foreign policy. America must remember they cannot change the rules of the game in the middle of playing! America is a democratic nation that values human rights, and in that platform fights a moral war naturally which would put the USA at odds with China on more than one issue. My personal expectations for the future of China and America’s diplomatic relationship is that it will continue to deteriorate if the USA does not find a better way to d...

Managerial economics individual work week 12 Essay

Managerial economics individual work week 12 - Essay Example However, saying that you will open a given type of business because you are good in one thing would be a myth. That is because they do not always lead to successful ventures as other factors such as demand, opportunities and resources also affect performance of the venture. It is a myth to say that the customer is always right. In as much as the customer may be right in how he or she feels, they are usually wrong on many occasions. Businesses just use the statement to bend to the customer’s demands. However, the best approach would be to win the customer over and try to convince them to make a purchase. Thinking that you can open a store, and people will walk, is a thought founded on a myth. For customers to visit a shop, they must first be aware of its existence. Therefore, one needs to create this awareness through marketing or advertising. Also, customers do not just walk in unless you have what they need. Coming up with an idea and concluding that everyone will love it forms a myth. An idea may be great, but not everyone will love it. An idea will succeed if it meets the needs of people and also if the timing is good. Everyone loves quality. However, it would be a myth to say that quality guarantees success. That is because apart from quality, success also requires other factors such as a good marketing strategy, pricing strategy and even good customer relations. It is a myth to say that more people increase the speed of a project. On the contrary, more people may slow down the project. A large number slows down decision making as there is need to consult every time. Also, there may be conflicts during execution as the people may have different ideas of how to carry out the execution. To say failure is bad would propagate a myth. Failure is not the opposite of success. In fact, it is one step towards success. Failure helps us learn our weaknesses and mistakes. It makes us reflect on our decisions that led to the failure. One can,

Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Middle East - Essay Example This perspective mostly refers to a conventional Muslim female whereby according to the creed ought to conduct themselves in a decent manner, which is having veil. Another meaning encompasses preferring hijab other than complete veiling whereby numerous current global regimes seem to prefer contending of security reasons as well as in certain settings like colleges and universities (Asser, 2006). Since, most people and especially scholars contend it reveals the face of an individual such without violating their rights. However, this argument varied religious leaders have vehemently detested contending it is a mere segregation. Different interpretations across numerous scholars and people globally regarding the issue of veiling stems from varying cultures especially in Arab world as well as certain Koranic verses that are extremely ambiguous (Asser, 2006). Hence, leading to the emerging of numerous arguments concerning where to draw line regarding veiling issue as well as accommodate certain practices that align with it (Asser, 2006). 2) Some Western states have created laws imposing limitations on veiling practices in public spaces. Choose a country discussed in the articles and explain what kinds of limitations are imposed and the justification for those limitations. In this state, the regime barred full-face veil in public places whereby the president contended the practice was basically a way of oppressing the female gender, hence France was not ready to bear it (BBC News, 2014). According to the regime of the day, the female gender ought not to leave their houses while hiding their faces behind veils whereby in contravening this rule one risks a penalty of 150-euro. Those participate in compelling one to have veil in public subjects himself or herself to a fine of 30,000-euro (BBC News, 2014). This ban extended even to barring of creed symbols in state schools with the intention of

A detailed assignment examining Leadership style management

A detailed assignment examining Leadership style management Leadership is the behavior of an individual when he/she is directing the activities of a group towards a shared goal. A leader is seen as someone who sets the paths in an effort to influence people to adhere to those paths. Leadership is an action and not just a position. It can be shown via different people in various situations. A person is not born to be a leader but cultured through the upbringing and environment. A leaders personal characteristics are also vital for the developments and motivations of the organizations. True leaders such as the teachers who illustrated that leadership is an action (teaching and leading the students) and not a position. Touching the lives and affecting the outcome of many different expectations, a teacher is the epitome of a leader. A leader has his or her own style of motivating the people in the organizations. A leader must find the best skills in order to provide directions, motivations and purposes. Effective leaders are flexible. Organizational Leadership Model The effective leadership influence is not the same for everyone. It depends on their ranks in the organization and abilities which are required in leaders. The three basic leadership roles identified: initiation, speech, and management. 1. Initiation Initiation refers to planned decision making on policy formulation or structural change. These vital decisions are the determinants of the organizations culture and mission. 2. Speech Strategic decisions and methods designed for implementation within the establishment. It includes adjusting or adding on to the present structure towards new policy demands. 3. Management Management is putting into practice the policies and measures that are available to maintain the operations of the organization efficiently. These three kinds of Leadership are naturally executed at diverse ranks in the company with different abilities and skills. The top level management would initiate new policies that involve a change in the businesss structure or understanding the companys mission. An understanding of the entire organization, culture, mission, vision and how it correlates with the external parties is mandatory for these top level individuals. They represent the organization and what the business stands for. Understanding the policy decisions and practicing them to the existing organization via utterance or speech is usually made by the intermediate-level managers. They must uphold a two-way point of reference by taking orders from the above management and adapting them for the lower groups of people in the organization. Type of Leadership Process Typical Organizational Level Cognitive (Knowledge) Affective (Emotion) Initiation: Change, creation and elimination of structure Top echelons System perspective Charisma Speech: supplementing and piecing out of structure Intermediate levels: pivotal roles Subsystem perspective: two-way orientation Integration of primary and secondary relations: human relation skills Management: use of existing structure Lower levels Technical knowledge and understanding of system of rules Concern with equity in use of rewards and sanctions EXHIBIT 16.1 Three Leadership Patterns, Their Location in the Organization, and Their Skill Requirements The companys policies and procedures will be administered by the Lower-level supervisors. These personnel must possess both the technical knowledge and a clear perception of the organizations rules in order to be successful. They have to continually deal with issues such as equity, rewards and punishments in leading others. Therefore, leadership plays a crucial role in an organization because the it has direct impact on the effectiveness of the organizations. Leadership is when a person manipulates others to perform a task at their own will which they would not normally do. Leadership is a vital process to an organization and it can be deliberated on three different stages; i.e. the individual, group and organization. Analysis at the individual stage: the leadership studies have paid attention on the successful leader personalities. Behaviors of both formal and informal leaders are focused at the group level. The effectiveness of an organization is decided by the relations between the leader, follower and circumstances. The studies have caused an emergence of different theories of leadership, namely situational and contingency. In Search for Leadership The requirements in selecting and training efficient leaders were emphasized during the World War I and the quarter century between World War l and World War II; numerous studies were made to examine the personal characteristics of good leaders. These studies are usually referred as characteristic studies since the primary goal was to classify the traits and personal characteristics of successful leaders. The diverse methods used to study these leadership traits could possibly be the reason in the irregularities of the results. The manner of studies was not consistent in identifying the leaders. A majority of the studies was in comparing efficient with inefficient leaders or leaders with non-leaders. Some were identified by external observers, others selected by the group by way of recommendation or voting, nominated by observers such as teachers while some were chosen because they are already in leadership positions. The studies conducted were in conflict as to the way they deliberated on the traits. Some traits were measured by mental tests; others relied on viewers to spot the traits they have seen while some depended on the persons to report their own personality traits. The trait studies were quite unsatisfactory as a whole especially since they had hoped to develop an accurate measure of leadership effectiveness. The spotlight on the leadership research moved because of the flimsy results, to contingency studies which investigated more than just traits of a leader. Numerous traits formed an important divergence in leadership effectiveness and they interrelated with other conditional variables to stimulate the effectiveness of the leader. Physical Behaviors Physical attributes including height, weight, health and appearance are also examined in the studies. It was concluded that there is a relationship between the above features and leadership. Apparently leaders have the tendency to be taller, heavier, better fitness, greater physique, higher energy output and more attractive in appearance. However, these types of results were not always reliable and consistent. The results neither are too weak in general and not consistent to be effective in selecting leaders nor are they helpful for training functions since not much can be made to alter most of these physical traits. Intellect It was generally agreed that leaders are more intellectual than non-leaders and the relationship was shown in the various studies. The relationship could probably begin from the reality that leadership functions depend mostly on success in problem solving. Leadership roles such as initiation, speech and management necessitate great mental ability. In general, it is safe to assume that leaders seems to be more intelligent than non-leaders but the relationships are small. Many other variables other than intellect inspire leadership effectiveness. It was also suggested that leaders should not be too intelligent than the group because associates who are notably brilliant than others are rarely chosen as leaders since the other members tend to snub them. Individuals with high IQs are inclined to have different sets of vocabulary, networks and aspirations that would create communication and inter-relations problems. Leaders do extremely well generally at school/college/university and score better grades. It is important for effective leadership to know how to do things. Thus general and practical knowledge are essential for leaders to make better decisions. Characteristic Traits Only a partial of the characteristic traits seem to be related to leadership and most are not especially convincing. It was suggested that the average leader is more used to social displays, greater initiative, persistent, knows how to get things done, self-confident, are more cooperative and adaptable, and possesses excellent communication skills. Leaders were found to be more emotionally mature than non-leaders in the personality integration or emotional adjustment. It can be concluded that personal characteristics are related to leadership. Effective leadership does not depend on a mixture of personality traits only because situational variables are also important since they always decide whether a character was associated with effective leadership either positively or negatively. Therefore, it can deduced that effective leadership depends on the leaders characteristics, his subordinates and the nature of the task at hand. Many leadership styles were based on studies of leaders behaviors. The finest researches on the styles of leadership are made together at the same time; i.e. The Ohio State University and the University of Michigan. Researchers acknowledged two leader behaviors that were similar although the investigations were conducted separately. As a result, a two dimensional aspects of leadership have been to used to form the Managerial Grid. Authoritarian, Democratic, and Laissez-faire Leadership Due to the diverse political systems in the US and Germany before World War II inspired studies of leadership which evaluated three leadership styles: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez faire. In the democratic leadership style, decisions were made by vote of majority; equal participation encouraged; criticism and punishment minimal. In the autocratic leader, the leader made all the decisions and others must follow the set procedures strictly. In the laissez-faire leader, there was minimal actual leadership and others were permitted to work and play as usual without proper directives. Initiating Structure and Consideration The two leadership factors were initiating structure and consideration which include leadership behaviors in organizing and defining the tasks to be performed and goal achievements. A leader who assigns people to do specific jobs, expected workers to follow set routines and meet deadlines. The consideration factor is showing friendship, mutual trust, warmth and concern for subordinates. Production-Centered and Employee-Centered Leader Behaviors Production centered behaviors were akin to initiating structure in which leaders would establish targets, gave directives, checked on operations and planned the group Employees work. Centered behaviors were similar to the considerations dimension in which the leader would develop a caring personal relationship with the subordinates and encouraged a two-way communication with them. The relationship between production-centered and employee centered behaviors are found to be independent scopes of leadership. A leader with strong production orientation does not mean that he is disinterested in the employees. Managerial Grid Robert Blake and Jane Mouton had created a framework which combines a concern for task accomplishment and a concern for people called the Managerial Grid. They both assumed that concern for production and concern for people would produce the most effective leadership style. There are leaders primarily more concerned with accomplishing the production and task not concerned about people. This person wants the job done and schedule followed at all costs. There is also individual who is not concerned whether the group produces anything but concerned more about the personal needs and interests of the team members. Ideally, leaders should be concerned about meeting schedules in order to get the work done and simultaneously are concerned about the team members interest and feelings too. The Managerial Grid is popular among managers. It is extensively used by organisations as part of their training program to assess leadership style. However, the effectiveness of the Managerial Grid is not consistently supported. The factors which are considered in determining leadership styles interact in complicated ways which resulted in various leadership styles. SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP In assessing leadership effectiveness, there are many factors that must be combined. Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard developed a situational leadership model which considers three variables: (1) guidance and direction provided by the leaders (task behavior) (2)emotional support given by the leader (relationship behavior) (3) the maturity level exhibited in performing the task As a result, four potential leadership styles have been created using a combination of the above factors : S1: Telling Give instructions and supervise performance closely. Suited for followers who are unwilling but of low maturity. S2: Selling Decide and provide opportunity for explanation. Appropriate for followers who are not able but willing. S3: Participating Sharing ideas in making decisions. Suited for followers who are able but not willing. S4: Delegating Responsibility handed over for decisions and performance. Appropriate for groups who are able and willing. Contingency Theory of Leadership Fiedler studied the interaction of leadership style and situation. He identified and developed ways to measure leadership orientation of the leader and situational factors which influence leadership. Leader Orientation Two types of leaders were identified, i.e. relationship-oriented or task-oriented. Leaders who are relationship-oriented tend to look at others as coworkers and look upon interpersonal relations as a requirement towards accomplishing the task. However, for task-oriented leaders, they react strongly against people whom they could not get along with in performing a task. Situational favorableness (1) relationships between leader and member can be good or bad; (2) the task is relatively well planned or not; and (3) the leaders authority is relatively strong or weak. The task structure becomes the second most important situational variable as evaluated by judges who examined four aspects of the task structure. Clarity: whether requirements of the tasks are stated clearly, Multiplicity: which the problems encounter can be solved. Verifiability: which the correctness of the decisions can be ascertained. Specificity: which there are generally more solutions involved in performing the task. Group effectiveness Relationship-oriented leaders perform excellently well in situations where concern for the team members is apparently necessary in order to motivate them to perform well. People naturally prefer leaders who care about them and their welfare. However, task-oriented leaders are clearly more effective in impossible situations. Path-Goal Model Directive leadership: subordinates are told what to be expected. Specific guide, standards and work schedules are provided to ensure that task are performed as expected. Supportive leadership: subordinates are treated equally and show concern for their needs and well-being; develop pleasant interpersonal relationships among the group members. Achievement-oriented leadership: challenging goals are set and subordinates are expected to perform at their highest level, improvement in performance always. Participative leadership: subordinates are consulted on suggestions and ideas in making decisions. Situational factors Situational factors characteristics of the followers and environmental factors which affect leadership style. Significant characteristics of the followers which have been identified as determinants of leadership style are: (1). Followers with internal locus of control believe that they are rewarded for their own effort. Meanwhile, followers with external locus of control believe that external forces have a control on their rewards. (2). Authoritarianism: an individuals willingness to accept the influence of others. (3). Abilities: The followers ability and experience influence a leader whether they are able to work with an achievement oriented leader or a supportive leader who are patient enough to provide encouragement and instruction. The path-goal model recognises three environmental factors which effect leadership styles: the nature of the task to be performed, the existing organisations authority system the organisational norms and dynamics The above factors may influence the effectiveness of different leadership styles in a many ways. Normative Decision-Making Model of Leadership Based on the contingency theory of leadership, this leadership model does not assume any leadership style as appropriate for all situations. Leaders must develop a range of leadership styles and take on the most appropriate style depending on the situation. Leaders are required to know in which circumstances they need to consult others and vice versa. Even though the leader may be the chairman of the group, he is just one of the group members and does not try to influence the group to adopt a particular solution. Criteria for selecting a leadership style. Two criteria used for assessing the efficiency of a leadership style are quality and acceptance. The quality of the decisions made refers to the accurateness of the actions taken and the extent which some objectives are achieved. The quality of decisions depends on accurate and relevant information Conferring with other group members often provides additional information. Diagnostic decision rules. In order to save time and minimize costs, some managers choose the lead autocratically. If the aim was to further the subordinates personal development, the participative style is selected. In some strategies, the manager decides alone. At times, the manager decides on his own after earlier consultations with his subordinates. Comparing the leadership models. All situational leadership models emphasize on the effect of external factors on a particular leadership style. Different leadership styles suggest styles that are determined by various situational factors. The models focus on different methods, which are situational factors and criteria for selecting the best style: task-oriented versus relationship-oriented. The normative decision-making model ascertains three leadership styles, namely autocratic, consultative, and participative. In each model, situational factors which influence the effectiveness of leadership are somewhat different. A significant reason being that normative decision- making model equates leadership with making decisions and looks at only this leadership function. The models also use different criteria for evaluating leadership effectiveness. DETERMINANTS OF LEADERSHIP EFFECTIVENESS Although identifying what makes an effective leader seems like a simple task, however, individuals who are in leadership positions are often faced with a dilemma on deciding which leadership pattern to practice. Choosing a Leadership Style Choosing the most appropriate leadership style to adopt depends largely on the context of the organisation. A successful leader must be capable of assessing the situational forces in the organisation and respond accordingly to the needs. The forces include the organisation culture, business goals as well as the organisations strategic plans. Effective leaders must understand themselves, the group, company and social environment. Strategies for Improving Leadership One of the main variable to improve leadership relates largely to the organisations reward system. Leaders should not overlook his capacity to reward his followers accordingly since followers will respond otherwise. For instance, the managers of high- performing groups generally are compensated according to their achievements. Considerate leaders manage to create satisfaction among their performing subordinates while at the same time, changes in the behavior of the leaders could be caused by the performance of the subordinates. Constraints on leader behavior. Leaders have limited opportunities to influence others. Leadership effectiveness is inhibited by a variety of factors. For example, the managerial decisions are planned ahead because of the law, structure, technological specifications and the absence of alternatives. Many other organisational factors can impose limitations on the leaders capability to either communicate with or to reinforce the behavior of the subordinates. For example, organisational policies, nature of task, skills and abilities of available resources and other external factors may impede the capacities of organisational leaders. External factors. In terms of external factors, leaders are constrained by factors that they have no control on such as state and federal laws. Other external factors include the world economy and global issues. Irrespective of their leadership style, leaders with unskilled resources will face great challenges in leading. The availability of skilled followers is subjected to the external labor market. Organizational policies. The organization may limit a leaders effectiveness by hampering the amount of communication between leaders and followers. The existing company policies may also pose restrictions on the ability of leaders to reward or punish followers. Group factors. Leaders may find it hard to penetrate or influence group members who are highly unified. This will create difficulty for leaders to demonstrate his true capabilities in performing tasks for the organisation. Individual skills and abilities. The leaders own skills and abilities may act as constraints since leaders can only possess so much expertise, energy, and power. Some situations may simply require greater skills and abilities than the leader may possibly hope to possess. Substitutes for leadership. While some situations constrain leaders other situations make leadership unnecessary. These variables are referred to as substitute variables because they substitute for leadership either by making the leaders behavior unnecessary or by neutralizing the leaders ability to influence subordinates. Leadership is an extremely important function. It has an enormous influence on the value of groups and organizations. The complexity of the situation, however, may prevent us from knowing in advance which will be the most effective leadership behaviors. SUMMARY 1. Leadership refers to increasing influence which occur when an individual manipulates others to do tasks voluntarily which they would not do otherwise. The basic leadership roles include initiation of policy and structure, speech, and management. A need for leadership within organizations stems from the incompleteness of the organization design and the dynamic nature of the internal and external environments. 2. The studies of leadership were mainly studies on traits that tried to identify the characteristics of effective leaders. The studies focused mainly on physical traits, intellect and characteristic. The results were usually weak and inconsistent although some personal characteristics were always related to leadership. Most studies concluded that the characteristics of the subordinate and the nature of the task were as important as the characteristics of the leader in determining success. 3. Another approach to studying leadership set on leader behaviors; i.e. how leaders actually behave. One of the studies compared three leadership styles: authoritarian, democratic and laissez-faire. Although democratic leadership produced the greatest satisfaction, autocratic leadership had the highest levels of productivity. 4. Research conducted simultaneously at two universities identified two similar leadership behaviors. At The Ohio State University the researchers labeled these two leader behaviors initiating structure and consideration. At the University of Michigan the same two factors were labeled production-centered and employee-centered leader behaviors. These two leader behaviors appear to identify leadership functions essential to the effectiveness of a group. The two Factors have been used to form a matrix called the Managerial Grid which places a concern for production on one side of the grid and concern for people on the other. The research evidence does not support this conclusion consistently. 5. The unsuccessful research to identify leadership traits or universally superior leader behaviors caused an emergence of development of four situational theories of leadership. The theories suggest that the most effective leadership style depends upon situational variables particularly the characteristics of the group and the nature of the task. 6. A situational leadership model that matched different combinations of task behavior and relationship behavior with the maturity of the followers. As the followers increase, the appropriate leadership style is telling, selling, participating, and finally for highly mature followers, delegating. 7. The most appropriate leadership style was determined by assessing three situational variables: whether the relationships between the leader and the members were good or poor, the task was structured or unstructured, and the power position of the leader was strong or weak. When these three situational variables created an extremely favorable or extremely unfavorable situation, the most effective leadership style was a task-oriented leader. However, where there were intermediate levels of favorableness, a leader with a high concern for interpersonal relationships was more effective in these situations. 8. The path goal model theory is derived from expectancy theory. It suggests that effective leaders must clarify the target paths and increase its attractiveness for followers. Four distinct leadership styles are proposed in the model: directive, supportive achievement-oriented and participative leadership styles. The style most appropriate depends upon two types of situational factors: the characteristics of the follower and characteristics of the environment. Three of the most important follower characteristics include the locus of control, authoritarianism, and personal abilities. The three environmental factors include the nature of the task, the formal authority system within the organization, and the group norms and dynamics. 9. The three leadership styles include autocratic decision making, consultative decision making, and group decision making. The decision titles determining which style is most appropriate include such questions as whether the leader has adequate information to make the decision alone, whether the subordinates will accept the goals of the organization, whether subordinates will accept the decision if they do not participate in making it, and whether the decision will produce a controversial solution. 10. The influence of the group upon the leader should not be overlooked. The relationship between the leader and the group implies a reciprocal influence. Groups have the capacity to influence the behavior of their leaders by responding selectively to specific leader behaviors. The influence of a leader can also be constrained by several external factors, such as organizational policies, group norms, and individual skills and abilities. Other variables have been found to neutralize or substitute for the influence of a leader, such as the skills and abilities of followers and the nature of the task itself. POSITIONING ON LEADERSHIP CRISIS There are many leadership theories. Arthur G. Jago (1982) had proposed a framework that organizes leadership theories based on each theorys focus and approach. Focus refers to whether the leadership is seen as a set of traits or actions. There is a universal formula of traits or behavior for an effective leader. However, effective leadership also depends on specific situations. The kinds of behaviors that leaders can actually perform in a group. The two leader behaviors that have been consistently observed including task-related activities, called initiating structure or production-centered activities, and interpersonal relations activities, sometimes called consideration or employee-centered activities. The incremental influence that one individual exerts upon another and that causes the second person to change his or her behavior voluntarily. Three leadership roles include origination of the structure by top-level managers, interpolation or adapting the structure by middle-level managers and administration or implementation of the policies and procedures by lower-level supervisors. I concur with A. Ange on the presence of leadership crisis but I also foresee the resolutions taken and are still being taken to resolve the problem. Many organizations are spending money in sending their employees to be groomed and trained for future growth of the company whereby they are exposed to different methods of management and how to be great leaders. Leaders are born to leaders but in some circumstances, situations and environments also play a huge role in creating a leader. Leaders come and go and new ones are always on the threshold to take over the empty space. The qualities of the leaders and their leadership styles vary but they are vital in the development and motivation processes of the organizations. There is a crisis in good leadership but it is not at a critical point. Big organizations would have everything in place for the future growth of the company and would have in line the replacements for all aspects of the management. Even is small to medium sized organizations have planned their management line-ups for the future. The ongoing programs and trainings that are conducted by organizations to produce capable leaders and groom them further showed that companies are aware of the could be crisis and had taken steps to overcome the situation. Yes, there is a crisis but the severity of the crisis is not huge enough to cause panics throughout the organizations.

Effects on plastic surgery

Purpose: The audience will know about the effects of the plastic surgery. Thesis: Effects on plastic surgery. Introduction A. Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the â€Å"correction† or restoration of form and function. B. There are many types of plastic surgery such as cosmetic surgery, reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. C. However, plastic surgery can have positive and negative effects. Transition: Let me start explaining about the positive effects on plastic surgery. Body 1. Re-contouring A.This is the process of plastic surgery that includes procedures such a liposuction, which involves the removal of fat from the body. B. Not only does this make you look more attractive, but controlled liposuction can remove safe amounts of fat from your body to aid in overall health. Transition: Another positive effect of plastic surgery is†¦ 2. Confidence A. This is a big benefit that comes along with plastic surgery. B. Confidence makes people psychologically fit and happy, and generally improves their style of life. Transition: Now let me turn to the third effects which are†¦ . Wounds & Accidents A. Many people go to a plastic surgeon because they have been in some kind of accident. B. In order to reduce major scarring, plastic surgery is required Transition: Lastly, the positive effects on plastic surgery are†¦ 4. Age-Deflance A. The affects of aging can be prolonged or reversed with plastic surgery. B. Wrinkles can be removed as well as age spots and sagging skin. C. When kept toa minimum, plastic surgery can take years off your apparent age. Transition: Now, let me proceed to the negative effects on plastic surgery. 1.Cost A. When people decide to undergo cosmetic surgery, they often consult a rofessional who gives them an estimate as to the cost. B. This estimate isn't a binding contract, but a guess as to how much the procedure will cost. C. The actual cost can rise dramatically over this estimate, leading patients to suffer pressure to pay the entire amount even if they cannot afford it. D. When the cost is spread out over a payment plan, it can cause more stress. Transition: Now, let's turn to a second negative effects on plastic surgery†¦ 2. Emotional Effects A.The emotional effects on patients' well-being are one of the negative effects of osmetic surgery. B. While they go under the knife to fix a problem they see on the outside, this sometimes only serves as a bandage on the larger problem. C. After the surgery they continue to sutter trom a body image distortion . D. A small number ot patients continue to go back to the surgeon to fix other problems they see instead of trying to find a real solution to the problem. Conclusion Before I end my speech, I would like to review that†¦ Plastic surgery can have either negative or positive effects. We should know how to evaluate it wisely.

Tabula Rasa

Tabula Rasa or blank slate was a theory that became popular because of John Locke (HelpingPsychology). The Blank Slate theory is a theory that says everyone is born with a blank mind. There are no ideas or thoughts. Everything must be must learned and interrupted from the world around. This debate has been going on for a decades. Whether the mind is born blank or that there are ideas and thoughts when we are born. In the article The Blank Slate by Steven Pinker he speaks about the Blank Slate theory. He speaks about the debate and different views.Pinker uses John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner as examples for the debate. Watson believed that the when a child is born with nothing and has to gain the knowledge through experience. Watson’s most famous boost about this subject â€Å"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in, and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might se lect-doctor, lawyer, artists merchants-chief, and yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. (Watson, 21)† The debate about Blank Slate theory has been discussed but it has also caused problems.The Blank Slate theory in society has given way to cause problems between parent and child. It has also led to social problems. â€Å"And the conviction that humanity could be reshaped by massive social engineering projects has led to some of the greatest atrocities in history. (Watson, 21)† When the ignorance of a subject clouds the eyes of people it becomes easy to see where the distortion of truth is. When the people believe that they are able to shape their children exactly to how they want them they create the perfect situation to become disappointed. Not necessarily in the child but that they did not turn out as hoped or planned.Before reading this article and further reading I believed that humans were born with blank slates. I believed this because as we mature we need to be  taught how to do this like walk and talk. The older we get the more we learn and develop because of our environment. After reading the article, further reading, and more thinking I came to the conclusion that it is not purely one or the other.It like the Nature Nurture debate play off each other. I believe that we as humans are born with certain things in our minds but they are not strong thoughts or ideas. This thoughts and ideas are shadows or microscopic beings that in different environments will grow into something. Whether that something is positive or not depends again on the environment.The Blank Slate theory is something that has been discussed for decades. It has caused social distress. My views on it have been changed after reading more about it. Whether we are born or not with thoughts or ideas this is something that fascinates people, everyone from psychologists to anthropologi sts.

How Presidents Have Too Much Power - 878 Words

Most of the specifications for the executive branch in the Constitution, other than how he is to be elected, have to deal with the interactions between Congress and the President. The president can (fill in the blank) but only if (this part) of Congress approves. The powers of the president have been interpreted widely so that he has more power than I believe the Framers intended. They wanted him to be able to check Congress with veto power and be the head of the military. However, I think that presidents nowadays have too much power. They are active in trying force their policy agenda through Congress, manage foreign relations, and act as the administrative head of the entire nation. The textbook lays it out well in, The vast size of the executive branch and the number and complexity of decisions that must be made each day pose a challenge for the White House.† (316) In order to deal with the stresses put on the executive branch, there are thousands of employees that work to g ive the president the information that he needs to make decisions. He has advisors, cabinet members, legislative liaisons; the list goes on and on, but he is the person who actually gets to make all of the choices. The President is limited in some ways and given more power in other ways by the structure laid out for him in the Constitution, and evolved to be what it is now. Based on the way that the President’s office was created, the makeup of the Congress can present a challenge or anShow MoreRelatedPresidential Power And Presidential Authority1487 Words   |  6 PagesAs Howell states in his opening line â€Å"what do we expect of our president? 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